{"id":27,"date":"2026-07-02T09:12:26","date_gmt":"2026-07-02T07:12:26","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/maisontabga.com\/selonmatthieu\/?page_id=27"},"modified":"2026-07-02T09:12:27","modified_gmt":"2026-07-02T07:12:27","slug":"leglise-selon-matthieu","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/maisontabga.com\/selonmatthieu\/leglise-selon-matthieu\/","title":{"rendered":"L&rsquo;\u00e9glise selon Matthieu"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Longtemps, <em>Mt<\/em> fut consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme l\u2019\u00e9vangile de l\u2019\u00c9glise par excellence. Disons plut\u00f4t que la christologie matth\u00e9enne (le Christ comme <em>Emmanuel <\/em>= \u00ab&nbsp;Dieu avec nous&nbsp;\u00bb) est imm\u00e9diatement ouverte sur une eccl\u00e9siologie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u00ad<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">1. Une \u00c9glise structur\u00e9e<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u00ad<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>D<\/strong>ans <em>Mt<\/em>, l\u2019\u00c9glise (2 r\u00e9currences du mot <em>ecclesia,&nbsp;<\/em>en&nbsp;<strong>16<\/strong>, 18 et&nbsp;<strong>18<\/strong>, 18) est fond\u00e9e par <strong>J\u00c9SUS<\/strong> Christ, fils du Dieu vivant ((Cf.&nbsp;<strong>16<\/strong>, 16.)), pr\u00e9sent ((Cf.&nbsp;<strong>1<\/strong>, 23&nbsp;\/\/ <strong>28<\/strong>, 20, \u00e0 la fois reprise d\u2019<em>Ex<\/em> <strong>3<\/strong>, 14 et explicitation du nom donn\u00e9 par l\u2019Ange&nbsp;: Emmanuel.)) dans la communaut\u00e9 ((Cf.&nbsp;<strong>18<\/strong>, 20&nbsp;; Cf. th\u00e8me juif de la <em>Shekhinah<\/em>, retir\u00e9e lors de la destruction du Temple.)), convoqu\u00e9e par le ressuscit\u00e9 loin de J\u00c9RUSALEM, aux fronti\u00e8res, sur la montagne ((Cf. <strong>4<\/strong>, 8&nbsp;; <strong>5<\/strong>, 1.)), en GALIL\u00c9E ((Cf.&nbsp;<strong>28<\/strong>, 16-20.)), terre m\u00e9lang\u00e9e ((Cf.&nbsp;<strong>4<\/strong>, 14-16.)). Elle est construite sur le mod\u00e8le des disciples historiques du <strong>J\u00c9SUS<\/strong>&nbsp;terrestre. Ceux-ci :<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u00ad<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u00ad<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Sont <strong>appel\u00e9s<\/strong>. Cf. les 3 r\u00e9cits d\u2019appel en <strong>4<\/strong>, 18-20 (<strong>PIERRE<\/strong> &amp; <strong>ANDR\u00c9<\/strong>).21-22 (<strong>JACQUES<\/strong> &amp; <strong>JEAN<\/strong>)\u00a0; <strong>9<\/strong>, 9 (<strong>MATTHIEU<\/strong>)\u00a0: structure ternaire = rencontre et vision par J\u00e9sus-appel\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0<em>Suis-moi<\/em>\u00a0\u00bb-r\u00e9ponse\/abandon et errance (<strong>8<\/strong>, 18-27). L&rsquo;appel suppose un attachement exclusif ((Cf.\u00a0<strong>10<\/strong>, 37 \/\/; <strong>16<\/strong>, 24; <strong>19<\/strong>, 21; <strong>23<\/strong>, 8-10.)), qui tranche avec le rapport des disciples aux autres ma\u00eetres en ISRA\u00cbL.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>V\u00e9n\u00e8rent le Christ<\/strong> ((Cf.\u00a0<strong>8<\/strong>, 10\u00a0; <strong>15<\/strong>, 28\u00a0; <strong>9<\/strong>, 2.22.29\u00a0; <strong>28<\/strong>, 17 \/\/ <strong>2<\/strong>, 11.)), devenu le \u00ab\u00a0<em>Seigneur<\/em>\u00a0\u00bb ((Cf. <strong>8<\/strong>, 25, etc.)). D\u2019o\u00f9 la centralit\u00e9 de la question\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0<em>Pour vous, qui suis-je\u00a0?<\/em>\u00a0\u00bb ((<strong>16<\/strong>, 14\u00a0; voir aussi <strong>11<\/strong>, 13.)).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Se reconnaissent comme <strong>p\u00e9cheurs pardonn\u00e9s<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u00c9coutent<\/strong> ((Cf. les disciples, auditeurs des 5 grands discours, et destinataires d\u2019enseignements particuliers\u00a0:\u00a0<strong>9<\/strong>, 37-<strong>11<\/strong>, 1\u00a0;\u00a0<strong>13<\/strong>, 10-23\u00a0;\u00a0<strong>16<\/strong>, 24-28\u00a0;\u00a0<strong>17<\/strong>, 10-13.19-20\u00a0;\u00a0<strong>18<\/strong>\u00a0;\u00a0<strong>19<\/strong>, 23-20, 19\u00a0;\u00a0<strong>21<\/strong>, 21-22\u00a0;\u00a0<strong>24<\/strong>, 1-2\u00a0;\u00a0<strong>24<\/strong>, 3-<strong>25<\/strong>, 46.)),\u00a0<strong>comprennent<\/strong> ((Cf.\u00a0<strong>13<\/strong>, 11\u00a0;\u00a0<strong>13<\/strong>, 51\u00a0;\u00a0<strong>16<\/strong>, 12\u00a0;\u00a0<strong>17<\/strong>, 13.)),\u00a0contrairement \u00e0\u00a0la pr\u00e9sentation dans\u00a0<em>Mc <\/em>((Voir cependant\u00a0<strong>13<\/strong>, 36\u00a0;\u00a0<strong>15<\/strong>, 16\u00a0;\u00a0<strong>16<\/strong>, 9 et\u00a0<strong>17<\/strong>, 13.)) ou\u00a0aux foules ((Cf. <strong>13<\/strong>, 10-17 + citation d\u2019<em>Is<\/em> <strong>6<\/strong>, 9-10.)), et <strong>ob\u00e9issent\u00a0<\/strong>au Seigneur ((Cf. <strong>7<\/strong>, 13-27\u00a0; <strong>12<\/strong>, 46-50 [r\u00e9duction des familiers de J\u00e9sus aux seuls disciples, hommes du faire]. Voir la figure typique de <strong>JOSEPH<\/strong> [<strong>1<\/strong>, 24-25\u00a0; <strong>2<\/strong>, 14.21] ou le cycle de la <em>suivance<\/em> du Christ [<strong>8<\/strong>, 18-<strong>9<\/strong>, 13\u00a0; th\u00e8me spirituel de la <em>sequla christi<\/em>].)). Cette compr\u00e9hension et cette ob\u00e9issance sont une <em>r\u00e9ponse<\/em> \u00e0 la R\u00e9v\u00e9lation du Christ ((Cf. <strong>13<\/strong>, 11-12\u00a0; <strong>16<\/strong>, 17\u00a0; <strong>19<\/strong>, 16-22.)), un acte de la <em>sequla christi<\/em> (primat chronologique de l\u2019annonce du Royaume sur l\u2019affirmation de l\u2019exigence de l\u2019ob\u00e9issance).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Annoncent \u00e0 tous<\/strong> ((Universalit\u00e9\u00a0pascale [<strong>28<\/strong>, 26-20; Comparer avec <strong>10<\/strong>, 5-6], accomplissement de la promesse de <em>Gn<\/em> <strong>12<\/strong>, 3 [Cf. <strong>1<\/strong>, 1, pr\u00e9sentant J\u00e9sus comme descendant d\u2019Abraham]\u00a0; 4 femmes \u00e9trang\u00e8res de la g\u00e9n\u00e9alogie\u00a0; visite des mages\u00a0; miracles envers les exclus [l\u00e9preux, pa\u00efens, femme]\u00a0; <strong>8<\/strong>, 5-13\u00a0; <strong>21<\/strong>, 28-<strong>22<\/strong>, 14.)), <em>i.e.<\/em> sans conditions pr\u00e9alables, le<strong> R\u00e8gne<\/strong>\u00a0<strong>de Dieu<\/strong> ((Cf.\u00a0<strong>28<\/strong>, 19.)) avec lequel, cependant, elle ne se confond pas. Cette annonce prend la forme d\u2019un <em>souvenir<\/em> ((Cf.\u00a0<strong>16<\/strong>, 9.)), en particulier de l\u2019enseignement re\u00e7u de J\u00e9sus en apart\u00e9 ((Cf. <strong>10<\/strong>, 27.)), d\u2019un <em>discernement<\/em> ((Cf. le th\u00e8me de la germination\u00a0: <strong>7<\/strong>, 16\u00a0; <strong>21<\/strong>, 41; \u00e0 l\u2019inverse\u00a0: <strong>13<\/strong>, 21, 30.39.48.)), et d\u2019un <em>enseignement<\/em> ((Cf.\u00a0<strong>28<\/strong>, 20.)). Ce sch\u00e9ma reprend la structure fondamentale de l\u2019<em>AT<\/em> (peuple mis \u00e0 part pour le monde), l\u2019annonce proph\u00e9tique d\u2019une alliance nouvelle ((Cf.\u00a0<strong>3<\/strong>, 9.)) et le sch\u00e9ma pharisien de la Torah orale (en fait \u00ab\u00a0<em>toute la Torah<\/em>\u00a0\u00bb)\u00a0transmise fid\u00e8lement du ma\u00eetre (J\u00e9sus) aux disciples.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Prient<\/strong> ((Cf.\u00a0<strong>18<\/strong>, 19.)) pour le monde en s\u2019unissant \u00e0 la pri\u00e8re de <strong>J\u00c9SUS<\/strong> ((Cf.\u00a0<strong>6<\/strong>, 7-13\u00a0; <strong>26<\/strong>, 40-41.)).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Pensent leur foi\u00a0<\/strong>et l\u2019exposent avec intelligence.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Produisent les signes du Royaume de Dieu<\/strong> :\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>le service mutuel ((Cf.\u00a0<strong>18<\/strong>, 6.10-14.)),<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>l\u2019amour et la fraternit\u00e9 internes ((Cf.\u00a0<strong>23<\/strong>, 8.)) comme externes ((Cf. <strong>25<\/strong>, 31-46.)).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>le pardon ((Cf.\u00a0<strong>5<\/strong>, 23-24\u00a0; <strong>6<\/strong>, 12-15\u00a0; <strong>9<\/strong>, 13\u00a0; 18, 22-35.)).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>la correction fraternelle ((Cf.\u00a0<strong>18<\/strong>, 15-18.)), radicalisation de <em>Lv<\/em> <strong>19<\/strong>, 18.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>les sacrements ((Bapt\u00eame [<strong>28<\/strong>, 19 \/\/ <strong>3<\/strong>, 13-17], r\u00e9conciliation [<strong>18<\/strong>, 18] ; autorit\u00e9 [<strong>9<\/strong>, 6-8].)).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Portent du fruit<\/strong> ((Cf.\u00a0<strong>7<\/strong>, 16\u00a0; <strong>13<\/strong>, 23\u00a0; <strong>21<\/strong>, 22-46.)), ce qui ne sera r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 qu\u2019au jour du jugement.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Attendent<\/strong> ((Th\u00e8me de la veille\u00a0: <strong>24<\/strong>, 42\u00a0; <strong>25<\/strong>, 13\u00a0; <strong>26<\/strong>, 38.)) dans l&rsquo;esp\u00e9rance la parousie et le jugement ((Cf.\u00a0<strong>23<\/strong>, 38-39.)), le temps de la moisson ((Cf.\u00a0<strong>21<\/strong>, 34.41.)), qui se fait attendre ((Cf.\u00a0<strong>24<\/strong>, 36.48-49\u00a0; <strong>25<\/strong>, 5.19.)).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u00ad<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>PIERRE<\/strong>&nbsp;(mort vers 62) est la pierre de fondation de l&rsquo;\u00c9glise. Il se pr\u00e9sente souvent comme le porte-parole des <em>Douze<\/em> ((Cf.&nbsp;<strong>15<\/strong>, 15&nbsp;; <strong>17<\/strong>, 24-27&nbsp;; <strong>18<\/strong>, 21.)). Il re\u00e7oit les cl\u00e9s (capacit\u00e9 herm\u00e9neutique&nbsp;; puissance sacramentelle) du Royaume ((Cf.&nbsp;<strong>16<\/strong>, 17-19 = b\u00e9atitude&nbsp;; <strong>18<\/strong>, 19.)), don du P\u00e8re, bien qu\u2019il demeure p\u00e9cheur ((Cf.&nbsp;<strong>14<\/strong>, 22-33.)), et m\u00eame tentateur ((Cf.&nbsp;<strong>16<\/strong>, 23.)).&nbsp;Le groupe des <em>Douze<\/em> a lui aussi re\u00e7u une part de l\u2019autorit\u00e9 du Ma\u00eetre ((Cf.&nbsp;<strong>10<\/strong>, 8.14.)).&nbsp;Les disciples ont accept\u00e9s de suivre <strong>J\u00c9SUS<\/strong> ((Cf.&nbsp;<strong>8<\/strong>, 22&nbsp;; <strong>9<\/strong>, 9&nbsp;; <strong>4<\/strong>, 20-22&nbsp;; <strong>8<\/strong>, 23.)). Ils sont juifs ((Cf.&nbsp;<strong>10<\/strong>, 6&nbsp;; <strong>15<\/strong>, 24.)) et pa\u00efens ((Cf.&nbsp;<strong>2<\/strong>, 1-12 = les mages, premiers adorateurs&nbsp;; <strong>4<\/strong>, 25&nbsp;; <strong>5<\/strong>, 13-16&nbsp;; <strong>8<\/strong>, 5-13&nbsp;; <strong>12<\/strong>, 18-21&nbsp;; <strong>15<\/strong>, 21-28&nbsp;; <strong>22<\/strong>, 9&nbsp;; <strong>24<\/strong>, 9.14&nbsp;; <strong>25<\/strong>, 32&nbsp;; <strong>26<\/strong>, 13&nbsp;; <strong>27<\/strong>, 54&nbsp;; <strong>28<\/strong>, 19.)). Ils sont ap\u00f4tres ((\u00ab Envoy\u00e9s&nbsp;\u00bb; Cf.&nbsp;<strong>10<\/strong>, 2.5.)), car l\u2019\u00c9glise du ressuscit\u00e9 n\u2019est pas pour elle, mais pour le monde ((Cf.&nbsp;<strong>28<\/strong>, 16-20.)). Ils occupent une place centrale dans l\u2019\u00e9conomie de la R\u00e9v\u00e9lation comme&nbsp;:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u00ad<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>des <strong>thaumaturges<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>des <strong>exorcistes<\/strong> ((Cf.\u00a0<strong>7<\/strong>, 22.))<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>des <strong>justes<\/strong> ((Cf.\u00a0<strong>10<\/strong>, 41.))<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>des <strong>docteurs<\/strong> ((Cf.\u00a0<strong>23<\/strong>, 10.))<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>des<strong> Proph\u00e8tes<\/strong> ((Cf.\u00a0<strong>10<\/strong>, 40-42 ; <strong>13<\/strong>, 16 <em>sq<\/em>.52\u00a0; <strong>23<\/strong>, 34;\u00a0Cf.\u00a0<strong>7<\/strong>, 15.21-23\u00a0;\u00a0<strong>23<\/strong>, 8-12.)), itin\u00e9rants ((Cf.\u00a0<strong>10<\/strong>, 41 = th\u00e8me de l\u2019accueil du proph\u00e8te.)), capable d\u2019interpr\u00e9ter les signes des temps ((Cf.\u00a0<strong>16<\/strong>, 3.)), <em>i.e.<\/em> de voir ((Cf.\u00a0<strong>2<\/strong>, 2.10\u00a0; <strong>11<\/strong>, 4 sq.)), d\u2019entendre ((Cf.\u00a0<strong>5<\/strong>, 21.27.33.38.43.\u00a0; <strong>7<\/strong>, 24.26\u00a0; <strong>13<\/strong>, 9.19-23.43, etc.)), lieux de b\u00e9atitudes ((Cf.\u00a0<strong>13<\/strong>, 16 <em>sq<\/em>.)), et de comprendre ((Cf.\u00a0<strong>13<\/strong>, 23\u00a0; <em>A<\/em><em>\u00a0contrario<\/em>, <strong>16<\/strong>, 9.)), gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 l\u2019Ecriture ((Cf.\u00a0<strong>24<\/strong>, 15 [<em>Dn<\/em>]\u00a0; <strong>26<\/strong>, 56 [les proph\u00e8tes], etc.)) et \u00e0 la proximit\u00e9 avec <strong>J\u00c9SUS<\/strong>. La proph\u00e9tie ne garantit pas de la saintet\u00e9 ((Cf.\u00a0<strong>7<\/strong>, 15-23.)). Ce minist\u00e8re est aussi d\u00e9fini par <strong>PAUL<\/strong>, et dasn certains textes comme\u00a0<em>2 P<\/em>, <em>Jn<\/em>, les\u00a0<em>logia<\/em> et la <em>Di<\/em>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>des<strong>\u00a0scribes<\/strong> ((Cf.\u00a0<strong>13<\/strong>, 23\u00a0: recherche de l\u2019intelligence de la Parole\u00a0; <strong>13<\/strong>, 52 = \u00ab\u00a0<em>scribe instruit du Royaume des cieux<\/em>\u00a0\u00bb\u00a0; <strong>23<\/strong>, 34\u00a0: associ\u00e9s aux proph\u00e8tes et aux sages.)), charg\u00e9s d\u2019actualiser les traditions re\u00e7ues.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>des<strong> sages<\/strong> ((Cf.\u00a0<strong>23<\/strong>, 34.)).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>des <strong>t\u00e9moins<\/strong> du ressuscit\u00e9.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u00ad<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">La continuit\u00e9 avec ISRA\u00cbL est bien marqu\u00e9e. L\u2019\u00c9glise est le \u00ab&nbsp;<em>v\u00e9ritable Isra\u00ebl<\/em>&nbsp;\u00bb ((<strong>5<\/strong>, 17.)), mais pas un \u00ab&nbsp;nouvel ISRA\u00cbL \u00bb ((Cf.&nbsp;<em>TOB<\/em>, p. 42.)), titre inconnu du&nbsp;<em>NT,&nbsp;<\/em>potentiellement de la pens\u00e9e marcionite, voire substrat d&rsquo;un insupportable anti-juda\u00efsme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u00ad<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2. Une \u00c9glise en tension<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u00ad<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Cependant, l\u2019\u00c9glise matth\u00e9enne s\u2019affronte \u00e0 de grandes difficult\u00e9s ((Cf. <strong>30<\/strong>, 34 <em>sq<\/em>.)), tant int\u00e9rieures qu\u2019ext\u00e9rieures&nbsp;:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u00ad<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2.1 Difficult\u00e9s int\u00e9rieures (r\u00e9alisme pastoral)&nbsp;:<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u00ad<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>L<\/strong>es difficult\u00e9s int\u00e9rieures sont de trois ordres.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u00ad<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>D<\/strong>&lsquo;abord, l\u2019\u00c9glise demeure&nbsp;<strong>m\u00eal\u00e9e<\/strong> ((Cf.&nbsp;<strong>13<\/strong>, 24-30&nbsp;; 36-40.47-50&nbsp;; <strong>22<\/strong>, 10&nbsp;; Cf. <strong>AUGUSTIN<\/strong> et le concept de <em>corpus mixtum<\/em>.)), affaiblie en elle-m\u00eame, car elle est aussi constitu\u00e9e de croyants infid\u00e8les, <em>i.e.<\/em> indignes ((Cf.&nbsp;<strong>3<\/strong>, 8&nbsp;; <strong>10<\/strong>, 10-13.37&nbsp;; <strong>22<\/strong>, 8.)), car incr\u00e9dules ((Cf.&nbsp;<strong>6<\/strong>, 30&nbsp;; <strong>8<\/strong>, 26&nbsp;; <strong>14<\/strong>, 31&nbsp;; <strong>16<\/strong>, 8&nbsp;; 17, 20&nbsp;; <strong>28<\/strong>, 17.)), peu instruits ((Cf.&nbsp;<strong>13<\/strong>, 19&nbsp;; th\u00e8me connexe de la paresse [<strong>25<\/strong>, 26], de la folie [<strong>7<\/strong>, 26&nbsp;; 25, 2.8] et de l\u2019aveuglement [<strong>23<\/strong>, 17.19].)), atti\u00e9dis ((Cf.&nbsp;<strong>5<\/strong>, 48&nbsp;; <strong>6<\/strong>, 33&nbsp;; <strong>13<\/strong>, 16-43.47-50&nbsp;; <strong>19<\/strong>, 21&nbsp;; <strong>24<\/strong>, 12&nbsp;; <strong>25<\/strong>, 1-30.)), au c\u0153ur dur ((Cf.&nbsp;<strong>25<\/strong>, 24&nbsp;; <em>comp<\/em>. <strong>11<\/strong>, 29.)), menac\u00e9s par le gain ((Cf.&nbsp;<strong>6<\/strong>, 24&nbsp;; <strong>7<\/strong>, 21-23&nbsp;; <strong>13<\/strong>, 22.)), les conflits internes ((Cf.&nbsp;<strong>10<\/strong>, 36&nbsp;; <strong>20<\/strong>, 22.)), l\u2019hypocrisie ((Cf.&nbsp;<strong>7<\/strong>, 5.23.)), l\u2019injustice ((Cf.&nbsp;<strong>5<\/strong>, 45.)), le mensonge ((Cf.&nbsp;<strong>5<\/strong>, 11.)), l\u2019orgueil ((Cf.&nbsp;<strong>11<\/strong>, 25.)), le miraculeux ((Cf.&nbsp;<strong>7<\/strong>, 21-23.)) et le l\u00e9galisme ((Cf.&nbsp;<strong>5<\/strong>, 48&nbsp;; <strong>18<\/strong>, 22.)), mais aussi par les faux-proph\u00e8tes ((Cf.&nbsp;<strong>24<\/strong>, 11.)). L\u2019excommunication est possible ((Cf.&nbsp;<strong>18<\/strong>, 14-18&nbsp;; Cf. <em>Dt<\/em> <strong>17<\/strong>, 7, repris par <em>1 Co<\/em> <strong>5<\/strong>, 13.)). La question est donc moins la conversion que la <em>fid\u00e9lit\u00e9 dans la foi<\/em>. Elle explique l\u2019importance du th\u00e8me du <em>jugement<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u00ad<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>E<\/strong>nsuite, la th\u00e9ologie matth\u00e9enne de la Loi implique un rapport en tension avec les prescriptions de la <em>Torah<\/em> : puret\u00e9 rituelle, circoncision, sabbat ((Cf.&nbsp;<strong>24<\/strong>, 20.)), je\u00fbne, aum\u00f4ne, pri\u00e8re ((Cf.&nbsp;<strong>6<\/strong>, 1-18.)), imp\u00f4t d\u00fb au Temple ((Cf.<strong>17<\/strong>, 24-27.)), d\u00eeme ((Cf.&nbsp;<strong>23<\/strong>, 23.)). Cependant le primat du commandement d\u2019amour universel permet un arbitrage au cas par cas.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u00ad<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>E<\/strong>nfin le lien entre les pagano-chr\u00e9tiens (dans la mouvance de <strong>PAUL<\/strong>, en pleine progression) et les jud\u00e9o-chr\u00e9tiens, surtout d&rsquo;origine palestinienne, (question de la caducit\u00e9 de la Loi et de la fid\u00e9lit\u00e9 \u00e0 ISRA\u00cbL) ((Cf. <strong>5<\/strong>, 17-20.)) semble s\u2019av\u00e9rer probl\u00e9matique.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u00ad<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2.2 Des difficult\u00e9s ext\u00e9rieures<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u00ad<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Cette \u00c9glise s\u2019affronte ((Cf. le th\u00e8me de la temp\u00eate&nbsp;: <strong>8<\/strong>, 23-27.)) aussi \u00e0 trois&nbsp;<strong>difficult\u00e9s ext\u00e9rieures<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u00ad<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>D<\/strong>&lsquo;abord l&rsquo;hostilit\u00e9 de <strong>l\u2019institution religieuse juive<\/strong>, clairement r\u00e9duite par <em>Mt<\/em> \u00e0 ses dirigeants ((Comp. <strong>21<\/strong>, 33-41 [parabole des vignerons] et <em>Is<\/em> <strong>5<\/strong>, 1-7&nbsp;; le mot juif n\u2019appara\u00eet en <em>Mt<\/em> que dans la formule \u00ab&nbsp;<em>roi des Juifs<\/em>&nbsp;\u00bb [<strong>2<\/strong>, 2&nbsp;; <strong>27<\/strong>, 11.29.37] et en <strong>28<\/strong>, 25.)), puis \u00e9tendue \u00e0 J\u00c9RUSALEM ((Cf.&nbsp;<strong>23<\/strong>, 37-38&nbsp;; <strong>24<\/strong>, 2 \/\/ <em>Jr<\/em> <strong>2<\/strong>, 26&nbsp;; <strong>26<\/strong>, 6.11, inversant <em>Gn<\/em> <strong>12<\/strong>, 3&nbsp;; <strong>22<\/strong>, 18.)) et aux foules ob\u00e9issantes ((Cf.&nbsp;<strong>27<\/strong>, 20-25&nbsp;; Cf. <em>Jr<\/em> <strong>26<\/strong>, 15.)). Ses \u00e9lites coupables sont&nbsp;: les scribes ((Cf.&nbsp;<strong>2<\/strong>, 3-4&nbsp;; <strong>5<\/strong>, 20&nbsp;; <strong>7<\/strong>, 29&nbsp;[\u00ab&nbsp;<strong><em>leurs<\/em><\/strong><em> scribes<\/em>&nbsp;\u00bb]; <strong>9<\/strong>, 3&nbsp;; <strong>12<\/strong>, 38&nbsp;; <strong>15<\/strong>, 1&nbsp;; <strong>16<\/strong>, 21&nbsp;; <strong>20<\/strong>, 18&nbsp;; <strong>21<\/strong>, 15&nbsp;; <strong>23<\/strong>&nbsp;; <strong>26<\/strong>, 57&nbsp;; <strong>27<\/strong>, 41.)), les <em>Anciens<\/em> du peuple ((Cf.&nbsp;<strong>21<\/strong>, 23&nbsp;; gr. <em>presbuteroi<\/em>.)), les Pharisiens, les Grands Pr\u00eatres. Toute cette \u00e9lite, \u00e0 la fois divis\u00e9e mais unifi\u00e9e contre <strong>J\u00c9SUS<\/strong>, est certes inform\u00e9e ((Cf.&nbsp;<strong>2<\/strong>, 5&nbsp;; <strong>27<\/strong>, 63.)), mais l\u00e9galiste ((Cf.&nbsp;<strong>5<\/strong>, 34-37&nbsp;; <strong>11<\/strong>, 28-30&nbsp;; <strong>23<\/strong>, 16-22.)) et hostile, \u00e0 la fois pour des raisons religieuses ((Blasph\u00e8me; Cf.&nbsp;<strong>26<\/strong>, 65 <em>sq<\/em>.)) et nationalistes ((Cf. le th\u00e8me commode du Christianisme comme menace de l\u2019unit\u00e9 d\u2019ISRA\u00cbL. Rappelons que <strong>JACQUES&nbsp;<\/strong>fut lapid\u00e9 d\u00e8s&nbsp;62 (Cf. <em>Ac<\/em> <strong>8<\/strong>, 1). La <a href=\"http:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Premi%C3%A8re_Guerre_jud%C3%A9o-romaine\"><em>Premi\u00e8re Guerre juive<\/em><\/a> \u00e0 partir de 66 et, semble-t-il, le retrait cons\u00e9cutif des Chr\u00e9tiens \u00e0 PELLA, a provoqu\u00e9 une premi\u00e8re division.)). Cette opposition menace l\u2019\u00e9lection d\u2019Isra\u00ebl ((Cf. <strong>8<\/strong>, 11-12&nbsp;; <strong>10<\/strong>, 15&nbsp;; <strong>11<\/strong>, 22-24&nbsp;; <strong>12<\/strong>, 32&nbsp;; <strong>21<\/strong>, 12-22 [geste proph\u00e9tique].33-43&nbsp;; <strong>22<\/strong>, 1-14&nbsp; [Parabole du festin]; <strong>27<\/strong>, 23-25&nbsp;; <strong>28<\/strong>, 19&nbsp;; \u00e0 comparer avec <em>Rm<\/em> <strong>11<\/strong>, 29.)) et doit servir d\u2019avertissement \u00e0 l\u2019\u00c9glise ((Cf. <strong>8<\/strong>, 5-13 [le Centurion de CAPHARNA\u00dcM]&nbsp;; 21, 33-46 [Parabole des Vignerons meurtriers]&nbsp;; <strong>22<\/strong>, 1-14 [Parabole des invit\u00e9s]&nbsp;; <strong>24<\/strong>, 45-51 [Parabole du serviteur fid\u00e8le]; la trahison de <strong>JUDAS<\/strong> et le&nbsp;reniement de <strong>PIERRE&nbsp;<\/strong><em>vs<\/em> la fid\u00e9lit\u00e9 des femmes, etc.)). <em>Mt<\/em> est donc un \u00e9vangile contemporain du d\u00e9bat sur les rapports entre le juda\u00efsme synagogal et le juda\u00efsme apocalyptique chr\u00e9tien. Nous savons que celui-ci est finalement tranch\u00e9 par l\u2019expulsion des Chr\u00e9tiens de la Synagogue, d\u00e9cision act\u00e9e dans la pri\u00e8re de la <em>Birkat ha-minin<\/em> ((Voir par exemple Dan&nbsp;<strong>JAFF\u00c9<\/strong>, \u00ab&nbsp;<a href=\"http:\/\/rhr.revues.org\/7544\">Les Sages du Talmud et l\u2019\u00c9vangile selon Matthieu. Dans quelle mesure l\u2019\u00c9vangile selon Matthieu \u00e9tait-il connu des Tanna\u00efm ?<\/a>&nbsp;\u00bb, dans&nbsp;<em>Revue de l\u2019Histoire des religions<\/em>&nbsp;n\u00b0 4, 2009, p. 583-611.&nbsp;La 19<sup>\u00e8me<\/sup>&nbsp;b\u00e9n\u00e9diction, ou \u00ab&nbsp;<em>b\u00e9n\u00e9diction des h\u00e9t\u00e9rodoxes<\/em>&nbsp;\u00bb, fut ajout\u00e9e aux dix-huit&nbsp;<em>Shemon\u00e9 \u2018Esr\u00e9<\/em>, ou pri\u00e8res du matin, afin d\u2019exclure les Chr\u00e9tiens du culte synagogal, en particulier de la fonction targumique. Cf.&nbsp;<strong>13<\/strong>, 54&nbsp;<em>sq<\/em>.)). \u00c1&nbsp;ce titre, <em>Mt<\/em> demeure d\u2019actualit\u00e9, en particulier dans le d\u00e9bat sur la r\u00e9ception de VATICAN II,. En effet, il reprend, en des termes classiques dans l\u2019univers proph\u00e9tique et apocalyptique, la responsabilit\u00e9 de l\u2019\u00c9glise ((Cf.&nbsp;<strong>12<\/strong>, 48.)) qui n\u2019existe que pour porter du fruit ((Cf. <strong>21<\/strong>, 43, o\u00f9 \u00ab&nbsp;<em>nation<\/em>&nbsp;\u00bb semble s\u2019opposer \u00e0 ISRA\u00cbL; voir aussi <strong>23<\/strong>, 8-12.)).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u00ad<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>E<\/strong>nsuite la lenteur de la <strong>conversion aux fronti\u00e8res<\/strong>, <em>i.e.<\/em> en SAMARIE, GALIL\u00c9E et TRANSJORDANIE ((Cf.&nbsp;<strong>20<\/strong>, 1-16&nbsp;; <strong>22<\/strong>, 14 [propre \u00e0 <em>Mt<\/em>]&nbsp;; <strong>25<\/strong>, 1-13&nbsp;; <em>Ac<\/em> <strong>8<\/strong>, 1.5, etc.)).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u00ad<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>E<\/strong>nfin, la m\u00e9fiance de <strong>l\u2019Empire romain<\/strong> potentiellement hostile. Apr\u00e8s 70, l\u2019Empire surveille toutes les formes de messianismes, \u00e0 cause de leur d\u00e9rive potentielle en s\u00e9dition politique.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u00ad<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>C<\/strong>ette insistance sur les difficult\u00e9s,&nbsp;tant ext\u00e9rieures qu&rsquo;int\u00e9rieures, et la pr\u00e9sence du mal ((Cf.&nbsp;<strong>5<\/strong>, 37&nbsp;; <strong>6<\/strong>, 13.23&nbsp;; <strong>7<\/strong>, 11&nbsp;; <strong>12<\/strong>, 34, etc.)) explique peut-\u00eatre le caract\u00e8re parfois pessimiste de <em>Mt<\/em> ((Cf. p\u00e9ricope dit du \u00ab <em>Massacre des saints Innocents<\/em> \u00bb, insistance sur l\u2019\u00e9chec dans les paraboles du Royaume, etc.)). Car une question demeure dans sa tragique possibilit\u00e9 : le refus d\u2019ISRA\u00cbL va-t-il se renouveler dans l&rsquo;\u00c9glise du Christ ((Cf.&nbsp;<strong>5<\/strong>, 12.))&nbsp;?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u00ad<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Longtemps, Mt fut consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme l\u2019\u00e9vangile de l\u2019\u00c9glise par excellence. Disons plut\u00f4t que la christologie matth\u00e9enne (le Christ comme Emmanuel = \u00ab&nbsp;Dieu avec nous&nbsp;\u00bb) est imm\u00e9diatement ouverte sur une eccl\u00e9siologie. [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-27","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.8 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>L&#039;\u00e9glise selon Matthieu - Evangile selon saint Matthieu<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/maisontabga.com\/selonmatthieu\/leglise-selon-matthieu\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"L&#039;\u00e9glise selon Matthieu - Evangile selon saint Matthieu\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Longtemps, Mt fut consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme l\u2019\u00e9vangile de l\u2019\u00c9glise par excellence. 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